A technical note: When Do Differences in IMRT Fluence Intensities have Clinical Significance?

Stent-graft migration: how do we know when we have it and what is its significance?

When Do Robots Have to Think?

An intelligent robot would seem to be an obvious place to implement a cognitive architecture, yet most robotics applications generally have complex software systems that bear little resemblance to cognitive systems. Furthermore, architectures are usually heavily engineered for specific applications. In this paper, we discuss why general architectures that include deliberation and learning are r...

Evaluation of fluence‐smoothing feature for three IMRT planning systems

Commercially available intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) inverse treatment planning systems (ITPS) typically include a smoothing function which allows the user to vary the complexity of delivered beam fluence patterns. This study evaluated the behavior of three ITPSs when varying smoothing parameters. We evaluated four cases treated with IMRT in our clinic: sinonasal carcinoma (SNC),...

When do minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants have a major clinical impact?

As our understanding of the virologic and clinical significance of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to expand, attention is now turning to detecting and assessing the clinical impact of minority (low frequency/abundance) drug-resistant HIV-1, the variants in the viral population present below the ∼20% detection threshold of conventional bulk sequencing. The i...

Geographic variations in the use of services: do they have any clinical significance?